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UNIX
Command Quick Reference The following is a simple reference to several
commands available in UNIX. The following is not a complete list of the command
set of UNIX and some commands, if used improperly could render your system
unusable.
File Manipulation
Action Command
Example
append to a
file cat cat thisfile >> tothisone
combine two
files cat cat thisfile1 thisfile2 >
tothisone
copy
files cp cp thisfile tothisone
create a
file cat cat > newfile
create a
file touch touch newfile
list file
contents cat cat thisfile
list file
contents pg pg thisfile
list file
contents more more thisfile
list file contents -
last lines tail tail thisfile
list file contents -
last 50 lines tail tail -s 50
thisfile
move a
file mv mv thisfile /usr/home/tohere
remove a file - erase
rm rm junkfile
print file - System V
lp lp thisfile
print file -
BSD lpr lpr thisfile
print
file pr pr thisfile
Directory Navigation &
Manipulation
Action Command
Example
change directories
cd cd /usr/home/merwin
change directories - up 1 level cd
cd ..
change directories - jump home cd
cd
create a
directory mkdir mkdir /usr/home/merwin/newdir
path
location pwd pwd
remove a directory
rmdir rmdir /usr/home/merwin/junkdir
directory listing -
simple ls ls
directory listing - long
ls ls -l
directory listing -
all/long ls ls -la
Miscellaneous
Action
Command Example
change password
passwd passwd
list processes - owner
ps ps
list processes -
everyone ps ps -e
list processes -
username ps ps -fu username
change access
privileges chmod see below
change ownership
chown see below
who else is logged on
who who
who owns this session
who who am i
Change Access Modes - chmod
There are several
combinations of options available with chmod.
chmod XXX filename
or chmod XXX /usr/home/directoryname
Position of X effects:
X00 - owner privileges
0X0 - group privileges
00X - world or other privileges
The value of X can be:
0 - no privileges
1 - execute
2 - write
3 - write/execute
4 - read
5 - read/execute
6 - read/write
7 - read/write/execute
Action
Command Example
read/write - owner,group
chmod chmod 660 filename
read/write/execute -
owner,group chmod chmod 770 filename
read - owner, group,
world chmod chmod 444 filename
Change Ownership - chown
There are several combinations of options available with
chown.
chown owner.group
filename or chown user.group directoryname
Substitute owner.group
with the name of a owner and/or a group that exists on the system.
Action
Command Example
set owner=merwin -
file chown chown merwin thisfile
set owner=oracle.dba -
file chown chown oracle.dba
controlfile3.ctl
set owner=oracle.dba -
file/all chown chown oracle.dba *
set owner=oracle.dba - directory chown
chown oracle.dba /oracle_home
The following
is provided to help you with VI, a text editor available for numerous
operating systems. The following is not a complete list of the command set or
the macro language available in VI.
Cursor
Movement
h or [BkSpc] Character
Left
j or + Line
Down
k or - Line
UP
1 or
[SPACE]...................................... One Character Right
$ Go
to End Of Line
)
Next Sentence
(
Previous Sentence
}
Next Paragraph
{
Previous Paragraph
^
Start Of Line
w
Next Word
b
Previous Word
e
End of Word
nG
Go to Line n
Changing Text
r
Change Character
R
Replace Mode
cw
Change Word
cc
Change Line
C
Change to End Of Line
Deleting Text
dw
Delete Word
dd
Delete Line
D
Delete to End Of Line
u
Undo Last Delete
x
Delete Character
X
Destructive Backspace
Inserting Text
a
Insert After Cursor
A
Append To EOL
i
Insert Before Cursor
I
Insert At Start Of Line
o
Open New Line Below
O
Open New Line Above
[ESC]
Terminate Insert
Screen Control
[CTRL] [d] Half
Screen Down
[CTRL] [u] Half
Screen Up
[CTRL] [f] Full
Screen Down
[CTRL] [b] Full
Screen Up
[CTRL] [l] Redraw
Screen
Searching Text
/pattern[CR] Search
Forwards
/[CR]
Repeat Search
?pattern[CR]
Search Backwards
?[CR]
Repeat Search
Saving / Exiting
:wq or ZZ Save &
Exit
:q!
Quite, No Save
:w filename
Save Text as filename
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